2024 Hail damage shingles

Show more. Hail-damaged roof repair costs about $4,250 on average. That cost can be less than $200 for minor damage fixed as a DIY. Severe damage may require the cost of a full roof replacement .... What to do with old furniture

20 Mar 2020 ... Absolutely. Addressing hail damage to shingles is essential to maintaining your home's structural integrity. Even minor dents or cracks in your ... The ruling cited the definition of hail damage applied by an engineer (not a Haag file, by the way) retained by the insurance company to evaluate “shingle” roofing. Per the plaintiff’s allegation, the engineer defined hail damage as “functional damage” while the policy covered “cosmetic shingle damage”. For example, if a homeowner has asphalt shingles damaged by hail strikes, an adjuster would count how many strikes occurred in a section to determine the impact on the roof’s lifespan. If there ...damage is. The criteria for hail damage should remain the same and not be some mysterious definition created by individuals. Webster defines damage as: Therefore, according to the general public’s understanding of what damage is, a roof shingle is damaged by hail or wind when its value, usefulness,22 Jan 2022 ... But in general, hail that is ¾” in diameter or larger can cause roof damage. Hail Damage Chart - Sol Vista Roofing. How do you know if you have ...Steps. 1. Search for damage on the metal. Check metal roof vents, flashing or metal valleys on the roof to see if there are any dents. [1] Soft metal will show dents, and also indicate the size of the hail. 2. Set up a ladder to your roof to examine the top of the roof. Check the ridge cap of the roof for dents.20 Mar 2020 ... Absolutely. Addressing hail damage to shingles is essential to maintaining your home's structural integrity. Even minor dents or cracks in your ...GET QUOTE. Asphalt Shingle Roofing. The cost of asphalt shingle roof installation can range from $5,994–$9,791. GET QUOTE. Roof Repair. Typically, the average cost of roof repair ranges between $379 and $1,755. GET QUOTE. Metal Roofing. A new metal roof costs an average of $9,150–$16,743.In the spirit of helping homeowners, CertainTeed has developed this Storm Resources website. Within the site, we’ve gathered useful information on the various types of storms that cause damage to homes, discuss products engineered to stand up to storms, share information on selecting the best storm contractors, and …At least 3 killed, dozens injured as tornadoes hit Midwest 02:02. A tornado killed at least three people in western Ohio on Thursday night, authorities said, part of a …Class 4 shingles cost more than many other roofing types. You’ll find hail resistant roofing from about $3 per square foot. Roofing materials are often sold in squares containing 100 square feet of materials, so a square will cost at least $300. Cost of Labor. Labor can cost from $1.50-$5.00 per square foot, with the …The Granule Loss From Hailstorms Damage. In 1800, the Asphalt shingles from roof manufacturers were manufactured to serve as the best roofing materials. The granules in the roof give it a better life, and that makes them durable. ... Insurance companies typically only give you a year after a storm to file a claim Hail damage can start leaking ...For more information about hail damage to shingles, contact Miller Weedn, the owner of Raintight General Contracting and an expert in fixing hail damage to roofs. If you are interested in getting a FREE estimate, give us a call at at (214) 693-6196 or click HERE. admin |2020-03-26T12:23:32+00:00March 19th, 2020| 0 Comments.3. Broken or Cracked Shingles or Tiles. When hail impacts your roof with enough force, it can cause shingles, shakes, and tiles to crack or split. Asphalt, wood, …First of all, it depends on the size of the hail. Small dime-sized hail doesn't typically do much damage, however, this doesn't mean you're in the clear. Older ...Hail damage can break the sealing strips between every shingle. Once these strips are damaged, it essentially makes the shingles null as that seal is critical to keeping out water leaks and moisture. Plus, any strong winds can lift your shingles if they aren’t sealed correctly. Cracked or Dented Shingles. Finally, large hail can do some ... Asphalt shingles are the most common roofing material damaged by hail. Ceramic granules are embedded in shingles to protect it from the sun's rays. Granule loss is common during the lifespan of all shingles, but is dramatically accelerated by hail damage. When hail strikes your roof, it creates soft spots on the shingles and loosens the granules. Asphalt shingles are the most common roofing material damaged by hail. Ceramic granules are embedded in shingles to protect it from the sun's rays. Granule loss is common during the lifespan of all shingles, but is dramatically accelerated by hail damage. When hail strikes your roof, it creates soft spots on the shingles and loosens the granules. Oct 20, 2023 · Apart from the roofing material itself, it’s vital to inspect other elements on and around the roof. Items like metal roof vents, flashing, skylights, or gutters can also sustain damage during a hailstorm. Dents or punctures in metal vents or flashings can be clear indicators of the hail’s impact. Similarly, cracked or broken skylights ... Hailstones can also cause your shingles to crack but not break off completely. These cracks may be more on the superficial side, running along the surface, or ...An obvious sign of hail damage is visible on the metal flashing bordering the roof. After a hailstorm, the flashing may show a series of dents in the material. The area around downspouts and in the gutters may show evidence of mineral granules that have become detached from the asphalt shingles or rolled roofing.Even minor hail damage (from pea-sized or smaller hail) can cause roof leaks. Larger hailstones can not only damage shingles, they can tear up underlayment and ...Jun 16, 2022 · Hail impacts to your roof often cause damage, where you can spot bruises on the shingles and a significant loss to your roof’s granules. The damage can look like it misaligned your shingles or just left a few marks. There are several easy ways to recognize the damage to your roof caused by hail. Most insurers categorize the damage as either ... Sep 11, 2020 · Outside the House. Inspect your home's exterior to help gauge what might be happening on your roof. For example, if your siding is damaged from hail, there's a good chance your roof suffered too. Look for trouble spots like: Dents in gutters or downspouts. Dents in siding or window sills. Damage to the air conditioner. Call us today at (601) 647-3433. Remember, prevention is key, so take steps to minimize the risk of future hail damage by choosing hail-resistant roofing materials and keeping your roof in good condition. ← Previous Post. Next Post →. Discover how to identify and replace hail-damaged roofs with our expert tips.Here are some common types of roof repair scams to be aware of: Demanding payment in advance. A dishonest contractor will insist you pay them up front before they begin work. But the contractor ... Depending on its location on the roof, this process requires manipulation of two to four other shingles in addition to the damaged shingle. Figure 5 below represents a typical 10' by 10' sample area and illustrates this repair process. The darker shaded shingle denotes a hail damaged shingle requiring replacement. Asphalt shingles is made of 3 components, a fiberglass mat or cardboard, asphalt coating and granule covering. When the “Hail” hits the roof shingles, it ...But for hail to damage your roof and lead to a replacement after a storm, it needs to be a pretty good size. Hail around 1” in diameter or bigger will damage your roof and warrant an insurance claim. When hail is this size, it will actually cause dents/dings and compromise the integrity of asphalt shingles.Apr 6, 2023 · Shingle granules serve as the final protective layer on asphalt shingles. They are made of a unique blend of ceramics, copper granules, and other minerals to protect the shingles from UV rays, algae growth, and different types of deterioration. Hail can cause these granules to loosen and fall off. This can expose your roof to weather damage, UV ... 2. Shingle Bruising: The force of hail can cause shingles to bruise, creating soft spots that weaken their structural integrity. Over time, these bruises can lead to leaks. 3. Cracks and Fractures: Hail can create hairline cracks and fractures in shingles, allowing water to seep underneath and potentially cause extensive …As hail hits, it may leave a circular crack in a shingle. If you have wooden shingles, be on the lookout for splitting. These shingles can split right down the middle when hail hits. 6. …How Do I File a Roof Claim? Report your claim as soon as possible. File online. Use the State Farm mobile app. Contact your State Farm agent. Call 800-SF-CLAIM (800-732-5246. 800-732-5246. ) 24/7. Generally, damage can be seen as indentations and/or fractures in the shingles surface. Hailstones vary in size, shape, and hardness and can create a random pattern of dents or depressions. If this is not evident, look for indentations on metal flashings, siding, chimney caps, or even skylight flashings. After some time, clusters of granules ... The exposed shingles age more rapidly, are more vulnerable to further damage, and more likely to develop cracks and leaks. How Can Hail Damage On My Atlanta ...It costs an average of $8,400 to repair hail damage on your roof and property. Homeowners spend an average of $24,000 to replace a roof that has severe hail damage, and $5,050 to repair asphalt shingles. You can expect to pay $9 per square foot to repair a tin roof, $10 per square foot for a tile roof, and $3 per square foot for asphalt ...Even minor hail damage (from pea-sized or smaller hail) can cause roof leaks. Larger hailstones can not only damage shingles, they can tear up underlayment and ...Dec 27, 2021 · But for hail to damage your roof and lead to a replacement after a storm, it needs to be a pretty good size. Hail around 1” in diameter or bigger will damage your roof and warrant an insurance claim. When hail is this size, it will actually cause dents/dings and compromise the integrity of asphalt shingles. Hill said the damage included many trees down, barns destroyed, 13 power poles in the middle of streets, a roof collapsed on top of a combine and other farm …May 7, 2021 · Look for missing shingles, cupped shingles and shingles pitted or cracked by windblown debris or hail. Call your roofing contractor when you see roof damage. Preventing damage from within: A properly vented attic prevents a buildup in the attic of heat and/or moisture that will destroy a roof and shingles prematurely. Your roofing contractor ... O’FALLON, Mo. – Friday was a day for clean-up after Thursday’s hail during severe storms left damage throughout St. Charles County. In O’Fallon, Magic Body Auto Shop captured …Asphalt Shingle Blisters. Shingle blisters are often mistaken for hail damage because they resemble each other visually, but there is a significant difference in the way blisters form. Unlike dented shingles caused by hail, popped blisters protrude off your roof’s surface. Each blister will pop during an extreme …Class 4 Asphalt Shingles Rubber Shingles Metal Shingles Tile Shingles The Benefits of Hail Resistant Shingles Hail-resistant shingles are a type of roofing material that is designed to withstand impact from hailstones. There are several different types of hail-resistant roofs on the market, each with its own set of benefits and drawbacks. In this …22 Jan 2022 ... But in general, hail that is ¾” in diameter or larger can cause roof damage. Hail Damage Chart - Sol Vista Roofing. How do you know if you have ...Dented or cracked shingles: Inspect your roof for visible dents or cracks on the shingles. Look for any irregularities or disruptions in the uniformity of the shingle surface. Granule loss: Hail can dislodge granules from the surface of your shingles, leaving them exposed and vulnerable to UV damage. Check for …However, your roofing material plays a significant role in whether hail will damage your shingles. Composite roofing tiles, for example, can withstand heavy ...Jan 29, 2024 · To receive a Class 4 rating, a roofing shingle must withstand having a 2-inch steel ball dropped multiple times from a height of 20 feet. To give you an idea of how strong the shingle must be — if this same test is repeated on a 4-inch concrete paver, the force of the steel ball could crack the paver in half. While Class 4 is the highest ... Metal roofs are affected by hail with small, medium, or large dents depending on the size of the hail and the speed it was traveling when impacting the surface.Talk to the Werner Roofing team. We regularly install and repair metal roofs and hail damage, and we’d be happy to take a look to see how we could repair yours. Reach out online or give us a call at 616-844-5382. Metal roofs and hail get along better than you might expect. Metal roofs can handle hail extremely well, even better than most ...For example, hail may cause small dings in siding, gutters, or asphalt shingles. While hailstorms may cause cracks in vinyl siding and wood shakes. If it is large and dense enough — the possibility of a roof puncture becomes greater. Keep in mind, the age and condition of your roof will also affect the amount of damage done.There are 29 shingles in a standard bundle of three-tab roofing. Each shingle is 12 inches by 36 inches. It takes three bundles to make a square, which in roofing is 100 square fee...Sep 3, 2020 · Shingles that have been tested to withstand the force of large hail or debris using Underwriter Laboratories standard testing 2218 will be categorized based on how they sustain damage. The test includes dropping a steel ball from varying heights and speeds to simulate hail hitting your shingles during a storm. It costs an average of $8,400 to repair hail damage on your roof and property. Homeowners spend an average of $24,000 to replace a roof that has severe hail damage, and $5,050 to repair asphalt shingles. You can expect to pay $9 per square foot to repair a tin roof, $10 per square foot for a tile roof, and $3 per square foot for asphalt ...Learn how impact-resistant roofs can help protect your home from hail damage and other benefits. Compare different types, styles, and costs of impact … As an American Family customer, your homeowners insurance will cover your roof for wind and hail damage. How much it will cover, however, depends on the type of policy you have. Your roof coverage can be either actual cash value (ACV) or replacement cost value (RCV). Actual cash value coverage covers what your roof is worth today, whereas ... Impact-resistant shingles are best in hail-prone climates, but some 50-year shingles are also impact-resistant. What type of roof lasts the longest? A natural slate roof is the longest-lasting ...7) Splitting & Rotting Wood Shakes. Cedar shakes or wood shingles are aesthetically pleasing, but they’re more finicky than other materials. One of the most common issues that arise with cedar shakes is splitting after hail impact. Additionally, they can rot when exposed to the elements.Hail Damage Repair. Shingle Magic’s approach to hail damage is different! We start with: Free inspection by our certified roof repair and roof sealing experts. Our team repairs any damaged shingles or gaps in your roofing protection; We then apply Shingle Magic Sealer, to ensure your roof is an enhanced roof!For large hailstorms, the times listed may take longer. 1. Report. The quickest way to report your claim is in the claims center. If additional information is required, an adjuster will contact you. 2. Inspect. If you need an inspection, we'll visit your home to look at the damage and start an estimate. It'll take us about 10 …Feb 9, 2024 · For example, if a homeowner has asphalt shingles damaged by hail strikes, an adjuster would count how many strikes occurred in a section to determine the impact on the roof’s lifespan. If there ... As hail hits, it may leave a circular crack in a shingle. If you have wooden shingles, be on the lookout for splitting. These shingles can split right down the middle when hail hits. 6. Feel for Bruises. Missing granules aren’t the only indication of hail damage to shingles. Some damage may not be visible. Shingles is a condition that you can develop if you’ve had chickenpox before. In recent years, pharmaceutical companies have formulated vaccines for shingles that can help you avoi...Hail damage to roofs versus normal or typical asphalt shingle wear. Hail-damaged roof shingles we've seen or which have been sent along to us as in photo form, show more of … One of these layers is called a leak barrier, which is often referred to as ice and water shield. Located below the shingles, it's crucial to your roof system's defense against moisture. Navigate your storm damage roof repair with GAF. If you have roof storm damage, you want to identify roof leaks, hail damage, or wind damage first. Jul 6, 2022 · You must understand what hail damage looks like on a roof to see if you need help fixing the surface. Failing to repair the hail damage on your roof could result in long-term problems that can harm your house. Noticeable Dents Around Your Roof. The most common sign of hail damage on your roof entails various dents. You will spot dents on the ... 1” Hail. Once we hit the 1” mark, we start to see bruising to shingle underlayment and significant damage to siding, gutters and fascia. Wind speeds will determine the severity of damage, and you will also see roof damage similar to …Sep 11, 2020 · Outside the House. Inspect your home's exterior to help gauge what might be happening on your roof. For example, if your siding is damaged from hail, there's a good chance your roof suffered too. Look for trouble spots like: Dents in gutters or downspouts. Dents in siding or window sills. Damage to the air conditioner. Hail Damage Repair Guide Identifying Hail Damage. The effect of a hail storm on your roof can look multitudes of different ways depending on the size and speed of the hail, as well as the materials, age, and build of your roof. Hail damage can be identified from black-colored dots on your roof, loss of granules on your roof’s shingles, dents ...As an American Family customer, your homeowners insurance will cover your roof for wind and hail damage. How much it will cover, however, depends on the type of policy you have. Your roof coverage can be either actual cash value (ACV) or replacement cost value (RCV). Actual cash value coverage covers what your roof is worth today, whereas ...Hail damage to a shingle roofing system can range from the very obvious to the very difficult to spot. It can take a trained eye to identify all the hail damage to a roof shingle, so you may want to consider hiring a professional roofing contractor to inspect the roof. If the damage is obvious, you’re going to see that the surface granules of ...The number of hail damaged shingles are counted in each test square on each directional roof slope and that number Figure 10. Intentional roof damage examples: a) line determines whether the roof slope is repaired or of impact marks, b) circular arrangement of impact replaced through the use of the DURA formula. ...The most obvious sign of hail damage on a metal roof is the appearance of dings and dents. The larger and faster the hail size, the larger the marks it leaves, and huge hailstones can puncture the metal. While most hail causes only cosmetic damage, the dents left behind can lead to rust, depending on the …(Left: hail damage, Right: wind damage) While normal weather events lead to wear and tear, extreme weather poses a real problem when it comes to your asphalt shingles. Straight-line winds, hail, and tornadoes can do heavy damage to your roof and lead to a roof replacement if the shingles are compromised. Some common signs of the …Both hail and wind damage can result in granule loss on your roof shingles. Signs of hail damage include dented metal on your gutters, downspouts, and car, while missing roof shingles are a sign ...UL Hail Class Ratings. Underwriters Laboratories (UL) classifies a shingle’s impact resistance by dropping different-sized steel balls at various heights to simulate hail. Class 3 and Class 4 rated shingles can withstand a 1 ¾” and 2″ ball dropped from 17′ and 20′, respectively, without showing visible cracks on the back of the shingle.Here are four signs of hail damage to look for on your roof: 1. Missing Shingles. After a severe storm, take a close look at your shingles. If you see any that are missing or damaged, this is a sure sign of hail damage. In some cases, the damage may be minor, and the shingles can be replaced.Hail damage to your roof is either really noticeable or hard to spot. If the hail is large enough (1” in diameter or bigger), you’ll see dents/dings on your shingles. But just because your roof doesn’t have large dents in the shingles doesn’t mean you won’t have hail damage. More signs of hail damage to your …Sep 3, 2020 · Shingles that have been tested to withstand the force of large hail or debris using Underwriter Laboratories standard testing 2218 will be categorized based on how they sustain damage. The test includes dropping a steel ball from varying heights and speeds to simulate hail hitting your shingles during a storm. Jul 22, 2022 · Essentially, insurers will depreciate the roof’s actual value by $1,000 every year. If you have a claim at year 10 and you’ve got a $1,000 deductible, the insurance company would be responsible for $9,000 of that claim: + $20,000 – Original cost. – $10,000 – Your roof has depreciated for 10 years @ $1,000 per year. Asphalt shingles are not warrantied for hail damage, even if they are class 4 hail impact rated, could blow off in high winds. Fallen branches are also much more likely to damage an asphalt shingle roof that a wooden one. Maintenance. Cedar is a high maintenance material. For starters, the wood needs to breathe, …For large hailstorms, the times listed may take longer. 1. Report. The quickest way to report your claim is in the claims center. If additional information is required, an adjuster will contact you. 2. Inspect. If you need an inspection, we'll visit your home to look at the damage and start an estimate. It'll take us about 10 …How To Look For Hail Damage. The best way to protect your roof is to look for damage as soon as possible. Once a hail storm has passed, you’ll want to inspect the roof as quickly as possible. If you can spot the damage quickly, you’ll be able to get repairs done ASAP and prevent any further damage. When inspecting your roof, look for any ...3. Broken or Cracked Shingles or Tiles. When hail impacts your roof with enough force, it can cause shingles, shakes, and tiles to crack or split. Asphalt, wood, and clay are all particularly prone to this kind of damage. In the wake of a severe storm, check your roof thoroughly for misshapen, torn, cracked, and missing shingles or tiles. Depending on its location on the roof, this process requires manipulation of two to four other shingles in addition to the damaged shingle. Figure 5 below represents a typical 10' by 10' sample area and illustrates this repair process. The darker shaded shingle denotes a hail damaged shingle requiring replacement. Feb 6, 2024 · Missing shingle granules: If the shingles appear bald or your gutters are full of loose granules, hail or debris may have damaged your shingles. Visible shingle damage: High winds may tear off ... Learn how to identify and assess hail damage to asphalt shingles, and how granule loss affects the shingle performance and life. See test results, definitions, and examples of … 3. Cracked Roof Shingles Repair. 3. Carefully lift the upper shingle and secure the new shingle with roofing nails. If a shingle is simply cracked or torn, you don’t have to replace it—just repair it. Start by applying a thick bead of roofing sealant under the crack. Press the shingle down and apply a second bead of sealant on top of the crack. The results of the study showed that EPDM roofing membranes did not suffer membrane damage and avoided leaking problems endemic to other roofing surfaces in similar circumstances. Based on field observation, and this test data, it was clear that EPDM roof membranes outperform other roof systems in terms of hail protection.1. Hail damage on a roof presents as widespread small round or oval dents, as well as dislodged granules from shingles. Depending on the severity of the storm and …

Asphalt shingles can be damaged by hail in two different ways, with missing granules being one of them. Granules protect the asphalt from UV rays and help it maintain flexibility, so when they are damaged or removed from the shingle surface it can cause serious damage over time. Other than missing granules, hail impact on asphalt …. Bliss pillow case

We have over 40 years of experience covering homes with a variety of beautiful decorative wood shingles. We can help with design and installation to make sure you get exactly the wood roof look you want. For a great-looking cedar roof, call us today at 877-323-3553. Wood shake roofs are among the most popular steep …How To Look For Hail Damage. The best way to protect your roof is to look for damage as soon as possible. Once a hail storm has passed, you’ll want to inspect the roof as quickly as possible. If you can spot the damage quickly, you’ll be able to get repairs done ASAP and prevent any further damage. When inspecting your roof, look for any ...If the wind/hail deductible is a flat dollar amount, the amount paid by the insurance company for the claim is reduced by the deductible amount. For example, if hail caused $15,000 damage to your roof and siding, the insurer would pay $14,000 and you would be responsible for the remaining $1,000 to complete the repairs to your home.22 Jan 2022 ... But in general, hail that is ¾” in diameter or larger can cause roof damage. Hail Damage Chart - Sol Vista Roofing. How do you know if you have ...Shingles is an infection that causes a painful rash. Get advice from 111 as soon as possible if you think you have it. Check if you have shingles. The first signs of shingles can be: a tingling or painful feeling in an area of skin; a headache or feeling generally unwell; A rash will usually appear a few days later.The research for this article began in 2013 when I first saw shake-style asphalt composition shingle roofs with hail damage. At this project, there were 47 multiunit structures on which one manufacturer’s shake-style asphalt shingles had been installed. A moderate hailstorm had moved through the area with 1-in. …Shingle blistering occurs when imperfections (i.e., blisters) form on the surface of asphalt composition shingles. While it can be mistaken for hail damage, blisters aren’t caused by storms. Blistering is the result of defective asphalt bitumen used in the production of asphalt composition shingles. Bitumen is a byproduct of the crude oil ...Apart from the roofing material itself, it’s vital to inspect other elements on and around the roof. Items like metal roof vents, flashing, skylights, or gutters can also sustain damage during a hailstorm. Dents or punctures in metal vents or flashings can be clear indicators of the hail’s impact. Similarly, cracked or broken skylights ...Asphalt shingles is made of 3 components, a fiberglass mat or cardboard, asphalt coating and granule covering. When the “Hail” hits the roof shingles, it ...Apart from the roofing material itself, it’s vital to inspect other elements on and around the roof. Items like metal roof vents, flashing, skylights, or gutters can also …March 01, 2018. Hail damage is one of the most common reasons homeowners file a claim with their insurance company. That’s because even a short hailstorm can severely damage your roofing shingles in Alpharetta. Hail consists of hard pellets of frozen rain, which is why it’s not surprising that its impact can be so detrimental …Learn how to identify hail damage on your roof, such as cracks, fractures, dents and granule loss. Find out what to do if you have hail damage, whether to repair or replace your roof, and how to …A simple repair to part of your roof, or even one side of your roof will essentially cost less than a full roof replacement. For asphalt roofs, you can expect to pay between $400 and $700 per “square” (100 sq. ft.) for repairs, and between $5,000 and $20,000 for full roof replacement due to wind or hail damage.What Hailstorm Damage to a Roof Looks Like: 3 Signs. Hail damage to a roof has a pretty specific look. If your roof has hail damage, you’ll likely see: Broken or fractured shingles . Shingles with visible cracks running along them . Dents & other impact marks on your shingles, chimney, and other areas of your …Slideshow: 7 types of roof shingle damage. While it’s always nice to have a roof over your head – particularly when the weather turns bad – it’s only as good as the shingles that are protecting it. With prolonged …Here are some basic tips for inspecting your home for hail damage, according to Angi: Check your home's exterior for damage, including checking for dimples or dents in siding (a common form of hail damage). Check for leaks in the attic, and water damage on the ceilings. Inspect the ground for pieces of roof shingles.Learn how to identify hail damage on your roof, such as cracks, fractures, dents and granule loss. Find out what to do if you have hail damage, whether to repair or replace your roof, and how to … Hail damage can dislodge the protective mineral granules of an asphalt shingle, producing areas of exposed asphalt shingle substrate. If inspecting an asphalt shingle (or mineral-granule-covered roof roofing) roof shortly after a hailstorm the exposed shingle substrate should be expected to show freshly-exposed asphalt coated or asphalt ... .

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