The Miniatures Page logo "Battlefield of Gettysburg map from 1863" Topic. 5 Posts. All members in good standing are free to post ...LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 353.5 From the Jubal Early Collection in the Manuscript Division, L.C. Detailed topographic map subsequently used as the base for John B. Bachelder's "Map of the Battle Field of Gettysburg" (see entry nos. 325 and 326) "Positions of troops are not given." "The map is reduced from one on a scale of …Jul 3, 2018 · One of the more noted maps of the Gettysburg battlefield was created under the direction of Gouverneur K. Warren, a noted engineer who had been present at the Battle of Gettysburg, in 1868-1869, and revised in 1873. The National Archives holds the original map as RG 77, Civil Works Map File, E 81. The map is very large, as it has a scale of 200 ... Visit us at Gettysburg Battlefield Resort, PA. Call Us: (855) 584-4056. Open Year Round.Gettysburg Battlefield Resort. 1-866-834-3969 1960 Emmitsburg Road Gettysburg, PA 17325. Hours. Monday-Thursday: 9am-7pm Friday: 9am-8pm Saturday: 8am-8pm Sunday: 8am-5pm. Visit Website. Contact Us. Stay with us at Gettysburg Battlefield Resort! Whether you prefer to stay in a tent, RV or cabin – we offer it here at our private RV …Visit the David Wills House, where Lincoln stayed the night before he gave the Gettysburg Address. The house has been recently renovated into a wonderful museum. Take a battlefield hike on one of Gettysburg’s trails. See your NPS touring map for locations. Hike the Fishhook (the right flank defensive position of the Union army) for a rigorous ...American Battlefield Trust’s map of the Battle of Gettysburg - Defense of Seminary Ridge. After blunting the Confederate advance on the morning of July 1, the Union Army of the Potomac was straining to hold off the increasing number of Confederates gathering west of Gettysburg.Results 1 - 60 of 97 ... Map of the main battlefields, routes, camps and head qrs., in the Gettysburg, Wilderness of the Civil War in U.S. Reproduction Vintage ...This map shows the movements of Confederate (red) and Union (blue) troops on July 3, 1863, the third and final day of the Battle of Gettysburg. The Confederate attacks climaxed with a failed frontal assault on Cemetery Ridge known as Pickett's Charge. Read more about: Battle of Gettysburg, Day 3Info. Alerts. Maps. Calendar. Fees. NPS.gov. Park Home. Plan Your Visit. Basic Information. Operating hours, fees & passes, permits & reservations, and pet … This 1863 oval-shaped map depicts the Gettysburg Battlefield during July 1–3, 1863, showing troop and artillery positions and movements, relief hachures, drainage, roads, railroads, and houses with the names of residents at the time of the Battle of Gettysburg. Map of the battlefield of Gettysburg. July 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 1863 Scale 1:12,000. LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 326 New edition 1883, Positions of troops compiled by John B. Bachelder, 1876. This edition lacks any statement of publication, printing, or engraving. Available...Spotsylvania County, Va. Chancellorsville | May 1, 1863 American Battlefield Trust. In the last days of April, 1863, Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker led three army corps on a movement to turn the Confederate left flank by crossing the Rappahannock and Rapidan Rivers above Fredericksburg. Passing the Rapidan via Germanna and Ely’s Fords (three miles ...View a historical map of the Gettysburg battlefield from 1916, drawn by the Gettysburg National Park Commission. Learn more about the battle, the park, and the preservation …Map of the battlefield of Gettysburg from original surveys by the engineers of the Commission Scale ca. 1:8350. LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 351.45 Detailed map of the battlefield indicating monuments and markers, roads, railroads, stone walls, four types of fences, woodland, and relief by contour...Open full screen to view more. This map was created by a user. Learn how to create your own. A bunch of cool sites to check out in Gettysburg, P.A. in addition to the battlefield.A rare and historical map of Princess Ann and Norfolk counties in Virginia, drawn by William Mayo in 1737. The map shows the names of some landowners, waterways, and roads. Explore this unique item from the Library of Congress collections.Sep 14, 2022 · The Park Map and Guide is available at the information desk year round. This brochure offers suggestions for seeing the battlefield including the self-guided auto tour, driving tips, walking trails, and a brief overview of the battle, the Gettysburg National Cemetery, and Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. Map of the Battle of Gettysburg, Penna. : showing positions held July 2nd 1863. Summary This map shows the disposition of troops on this second day of the battle. The designation "5 p.m." appears slightly to the left of the title. As the fighting began late in the day and continued on well into the evening, this could be interpreted as …Seven Great Gettysburg Battlefield Hikes & Walks. There is an abundance of ways to tour Gettysburg National Military Park. Each place takes visitors to unique vantage points and provides different perspectives of the three-day battle throughout the 6,000-acre park. But often it’s the pace that can make the biggest difference, and that’s no ...American Battlefield Trust's map of the Battle of Gettysburg - East Cemetery Hill. General Richard S. Ewell’s orders for July 2 were to begin a demonstration on his front against the Union right on Cemetery and Culp’s Hills when Longstreet commenced his attack on the Federal left. Ewell complied around 4:00 p.m. by …Enhance your Gettysburg experience with a privately guided tour of the battlefield with one of Gettysburg's renowned Licensed Battlefield Guides. Standard tours are two hours in length and available daily on a first come, first served basis. You may also make advance reservations by calling 1-877-874-2478. Please Note: Advance …Gettysburg National Cemetery is the final resting place for more than 3,500 Union soldiers killed in the Battle of Gettysburg, a Union victory often cited as a turning point in the Civil War. Numerous monuments stand in both the cemetery and battlefield to commemorate the Union and Confederate troops who fought there.Jul 1, 2011 · Gettysburg, Pa. (1 of 2) Gettysburg | McPherson’s, Oak and Seminary Ridges | July 1, 1863 | 8:30 to 1130 am American Battlefield Trust. (2 of 2) Gettysburg | McPherson’s, Oak and Seminary Ridges | July 1, 1863 | 3:45 to 5:00 pm American Battlefield Trust. After slowing the Confederate advance on the morning of July 1, the Union Army of the ... “This Gettysburg animated map is a terrific resource for Civil War buffs. I have never seen anything like it. All the finer details of the battle’s second day are included. ... There are nearly 500 hundred individual maps, interconnected with animation, each one …Learn about the Battle of Gettysburg with this interactive video and map, featuring troop movements, narratives and reenactment footage. Explore the Civil War Trust's campaign …This map pairing demonstrates the impact of the Trust's preservation activities between 2011 and the present. The first map shows the current status of all preserved lands on the Gettysburg Battlefield as of April 2023. The second …This item: HISTORIX Vintage 1863 Map of the Battle of Gettysburg Pennsylvania - 24x30 Inch Vintage Map Wall Art - American Civil War Poster Showing Line of Battle on July 2nd 1863 - Gettysburg Map $54.99 $ 54 . 99For more than 100 years, Licensed Battlefield Guides have helped thousands of park visitors better understand the Battle of Gettysburg. Licensed Battlefield Guides are rigorously tested and licensed by Gettysburg National Military Park and provide a vital cornerstone to the visitor experience and play a key role in the park's mission. Battle of Gettysburg, Penna. Showing positions held 1st and 3rd July 1863. This map of the battlefield at Gettysburg juxtaposes locations of various units on the first and third days of the three-day battle. Most of the fighting on July 1st seems to have... Contributor: Sneden, Robert Knox Date: 1862-01-01 Battlefield of Gettysburg – Cavalry Map of the field of operations of Gregg’s (Union) & Stuart’s (Confederate) cavalry at the battle of Gettysburg, July 3, 1863 Surveyed by Frank O. Maxson, C.E. under the direction of John B. Bachelder, authorized by Act of Congress, approved June 9th, 1880. An ill-coordinated Confederate assault struck the right of the Union line at Culp’s Hill and East Cemetery Hill. At the end of the day, the Federal army was determined to stay and fight it out. The battle renewed at 4:30 a.m. on July 3 at Culp’s Hill. For seven hours—the longest sustained fighting of the battle—the two sides grappled. Explore the Gettysburg Battlefield. 50+ maps link to hundreds of pages of monuments, markers, battlefield farms and terrain features.Little Round Top is estimated to reopen to the public in late Spring or early Summer, 2024. The rehabilitation of Little Round Top will address overwhelmed parking areas, poor accessibility and related safety hazards, significant erosion, and degraded vegetation. The scope of the project will reestablish, preserve, and protect the features that ...Touring the Battlefield The complete 24-mile auto tour starts at the visitor center and includes the following 16 tour stops, the Barlow Knoll Loop, and the Historic Down-town …Map of the Battle of Gettysburg, Penna. : showing positions held July 2nd 1863. Summary This map shows the disposition of troops on this second day of the battle. The designation "5 p.m." appears slightly to the left of the title. As the fighting began late in the day and continued on well into the evening, this could be interpreted as …Gettysburg Battle-field Perspective map not drawn to scale. Cover title: Gettysburg Battlefield directory, with index. LC Civil War maps (2nd ed.) 324.2 Includes "Plan of the soldiers national cemetary." Accompanied by: Gettysburg Battlefield directory; index to military organizations. 139-151 p. Available also through the Library of Congress ...Lee's Headquarters, Gettysburg Battlefield, Gettysburg, Pa. Lynn Light Heller 8. McDowell, McDowell Battlefield (McDowell, Va.) The McDowell trail serves as a 2.6-mile out-and-back hike that will take you to the battlefield on top of Sitlington's Hill — the scene of heavy fighting on May 8, 1862. Sitlington's Hill is a spur of Bull Pasture ...Visit us at Gettysburg Battlefield Resort, PA. Call Us: (855) 584-4056. Open Year Round.Visit us at Gettysburg Battlefield Resort, PA. Call Us: (855) 584-4056. Open Year Round. For the next two days, the field remained largely open ground between the battle lines. Download Files Gettysburg - The Wheatfield and Peach Orchard - July 2, 1863 - 7pm to 8pm (October 2019) [PDF] 3.16 MB Scale ca. 1:13,100. LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 357 Shows topography by hachures, vegetation, drainage, roads, railroads, houses, stonewalls, cultivated areas, churches, and cemeteries. Union and Confederate positions are shown, including the location of the artillery. Confederate corps are named; Union forces are given in more detail, including …Explore the historic battlefield and landmarks with our detailed maps. Discover the essence of Gettysburg with our comprehensive map guide. Call us: (717) 359-0776 Print or Download this Tour Map. Watch the Gettysburg Animated Map. View the Gettysburg 360. Download the Gettysburg Battle App. Read about the first day of the battle, when Union Brig. Gen. John Buford used the seminary’s cupola as an observation point. Check out the Adams County Historical Society’s genealogy page. Gettysburg, Pa. As twilight on July 2, 1863, brought an end to the fighting on the Union left, Gen. Richard Ewell's assault on the Union right flank continued. Just before sunset, three brigades of Gen. Edward "Allegheny" Johnson 's Confederate division began its charge up the steep, boulder-strewn slopes of Culp's Hill.American Battlefield Trust’s satellite map of the Battle for Culp’s Hill at Gettysburg on July 2, 1863. As twilight on July 2, 1863, brought an end to the fighting on the Union left, Gen. Richard Ewell's assault on the Union right flank continued. Just before sunset, three brigades of Gen. Edward "Allegheny" Johnson's Confederate division began its charge up the steep, boulder … Print or Download this Tour Map. Watch the Gettysburg Animated Map. View the Gettysburg 360. Download the Gettysburg Battle App. Read about the first day of the battle, when Union Brig. Gen. John Buford used the seminary’s cupola as an observation point. Check out the Adams County Historical Society’s genealogy page. Simon Green Elliott (1828-1897) was a California railroad engineer and the creator of two of the most important maps of the Civil War era. In 1864, Elliott traveled to the Antietam and Gettysburg battlefields. Rather than showing the ebb and flow of the battles, Elliott’s maps track the postbattle burials of the dead. Scale ca. 1:12,800. LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 338.2 "Library of Congress, Maps & Charts, no. 2502" is stamped in the lower right corner. Description derived from published bibliography. Available also through the Library of Congress web site as raster image.Devil's Den reopened to the public on Friday, September 30, 2022. Read our Press Release. The rehabilitation of Devil’s Den addressed significant erosion and safety issues in this highly visited area of the battlefield. Devil’s Den was closed for six months. This project was necessary due to significant erosion along existing walkways and ...Scale ca. 1:7000. LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 351.7 "Number 436" is in the upper left corner. Note: "Property owners name 1863 small italics," and "property owners name 1900 large italics." Hand-colored photocopy showing four classes of roads, stone walls, Union and Confederate defenses, relief by coutour lines and shading. …Gettysburg, 1863, Battlefield Bird’s Eye View, Framed. A beautiful bird’s-eye view map of the Battle of Gettysburg, drawn by John B. Bachelder. Bachelder was a man of many talents: lithographer, painter, photographer, but he was best known as a historian. When the Civil War started he traveled with the Army of Potomac to …For more than 100 years, Licensed Battlefield Guides have helped thousands of park visitors better understand the Battle of Gettysburg. Licensed Battlefield Guides are rigorously tested and licensed by Gettysburg National Military Park and provide a vital cornerstone to the visitor experience and play a key role in the park's mission.Enhance your Gettysburg experience with a privately guided tour of the battlefield with one of Gettysburg's renowned Licensed Battlefield Guides. Standard tours are two hours in length and available daily on a first come, first served basis. You may also make advance reservations by calling 1-877-874-2478. Please Note: Advance …American Battlefield Trust’s map of McPherson’s Ridge at the Battle of Gettysburg on July 1, 1863. General Henry Heth, a new division commander in A. P. Hill’s Confederate Third Corps, requested permission to move into Gettysburg early on July 1, allegedly to search for supplies in the town. Hill approved Heth’s request, not expecting him to meet elements of the Union army.This map shows the movements of Confederate (red) and Union (blue) troops on July 3, 1863, the third and final day of the Battle of Gettysburg. The Confederate attacks climaxed with a failed frontal assault on Cemetery Ridge known as Pickett's Charge. Read more about: Battle of Gettysburg, Day 3Battlefield Map of Gettysburg. I created my own battlefield map of Gettysburg that shows the places I feel are most important to visit to understand Civil War tactics and the battle of Gettysburg. If you take a guided tour or a self-guided tour using the auto road, you will most likely visit these landmarks as part of the route. I still … Simon Green Elliott (1828-1897) was a California railroad engineer and the creator of two of the most important maps of the Civil War era. In 1864, Elliott traveled to the Antietam and Gettysburg battlefields. Rather than showing the ebb and flow of the battles, Elliott’s maps track the postbattle burials of the dead. Gettysburg battle-field. Battle fought at Gettysburg, Pa., July 1st, 2d & 3d, 1863 by the Federal and Confederate armies, commanded respectively by Genl. G. G. Meade and Genl. Robert E. Lee LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 323 Inset: Plan of the Soldiers National Cemetery. Uncolored. 6 x 13 cm. Endorsed (facsim.): "I am perfectly satisfied with the accuracy with which the …Once the scene of fierce combat, the Peach Orchard lives on today through efforts in 2008 to replant 72 peach trees. T he Peach Orchard at Gettysburg is critical ground, albeit frequently overlooked. Visitors to the southern part of the park are drawn to Devil’s Den and Little Round Top — the rocky hill is a must-stop for its panoramic views.Two maps of the battle of Gettysburg. The first map depicts the battle itself, showing the positions of the Union and Confederate positions by day, July 1 – July 3, 1863. The …A New Birth of Freedom The Battle of Gettysburg was a turning point in the Civil War, the Union victory that ended General Robert E. Lee's second and most ambitious invasion of the North. Often referred to as the "High Water Mark of the Rebellion", Gettysburg was the Civil War's bloodiest battle and was also the …First edition of Bachelder's three-part map of the Gettysburg battlefield. This is by far the finest early depiction of the largest and bloodiest battle ...Gettysburg | The Wheatfield & Peach Orchard | July 2, 1863 | 5:45 - 6:30 pm (October 2019) American Battlefield Trust Without orders, Union III Corps commander Gen. Daniel Sickles advanced his troops off of Cemetery Ridge to a position he deemed to be ground better suited for defense: the elevated, open plateau around farmer Joseph Sherfy’s peach orchard on the …E-bikes. The term “e-bike” means a two- or three-wheeled cycle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of less than 750 watts (1 h.p.). E-bikes are allowed in Gettysburg National Military Park and Eisenhower National Historic Site where traditional bicycles are allowed. E-bikes are prohibited where traditional …This map was created by a user. Learn how to create your own. Interactive map of Gettysburg featuring local points of interest: Restaurants, Gettysburg Battlefield …Open full screen to view more. This map was created by a user. Learn how to create your own. A bunch of cool sites to check out in Gettysburg, P.A. in addition to the battlefield.Rate Paid to Licensed Battlefield Guide for 2 hour tour. 1-6 Visitors (car): $70.00. 7-15 Visitors (van): $96.00. Group: 16+ Visitors (Bus) $152.00. Guides must be paid using the …“Following European military tradition, U.S. Army Engineers published maps for most major battles shortly after the war. However, the Gettysburg after-battle ...Explore the Civil War's Gettysburg Campaign from June 3 to July 1, 1863 with this interactive map. See the movements and battles of Lee's and Meade's armies as they … Gettysburg Battlefield lithograph map showing Union and Confederate positions. ( John B. Bachelder) Southwest view of the Sherfy farm (right background) from the Pennsylvania Monument observation deck, 1 of 6 on the battlefield: 3 on towers (Warfield Ridge), Oak Ridge, Culp's Hill), 1 on Little Round Top, & 1 on the closed Cyclorama Building. This map shows the movements of Confederate (red) and Union (blue) troops on July 1, 1863, the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg. By the end of the day, Union forces had retreated to Cemetery Hill, a high position overlooking the Pennsylvania town and its road network. Read more about: Battle of Gettysburg, Day 1Two maps of the battle of Gettysburg. The first map depicts the battle itself, showing the positions of the Union and Confederate positions by day, July 1 – July 3, 1863. The …Gettysburg Battlefield Map 2nd Day July 2 1863 Civil War Map beautiful giclee reproduction print on fine paper that will not fade.“We’ve spent decades making their toys, their shoes, and even their flags,” a deep voice intones in Mandarin as US military tanks trundle across a desert. “All the while, enduring ...6 days ago · The Battle of Gettysburg was a turning point in the Civil War, the Union victory that ended General Robert E. Lee's second and most ambitious invasion of the North. Often referred to as the "High Water Mark of the Rebellion", Gettysburg was the Civil War's bloodiest battle and was also the inspiration for President Abraham Lincoln's immortal "Gettysburg Address".<br /> There are three monuments to the 149th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry Regiment on the Gettysburg battlefield. The original monument was dedicated in 1886 on McPherson’s Ridge. In 1888 this was moved to its present location on Hancock Avenue, where the regiment was positioned on July 3. ( Hancock Avenue Pt. 3 tour map) Gettysburg | Artillery Placements | July 3, 1863 (October 2019) American Battlefield Trust. General Robert E. Lee believed that after the heavy fighting all along the Union line on July 2, the defenders along Cemetery Ridge would collapse after one more, well-directed assault. Early on July 3, he directed his second in command, General James ... Google crowdsources its mapping efforts, the Galaxy Nexus phone is available tomorrow, and Google+ Hangouts gets several new functions and mobile support. Google crowdsources its m...Gettysburg, Pa. While infantry fighting resumed on the morning of July 3, two brigades of Union cavalry under Gen. David McMurtrie Gregg picketed the intersection of the Hanover and Low Dutch roads three miles in the rear of the Union army. A third brigade of Michigan cavalry under Gen. George Custer was close at hand and supported Gregg’s ... Scale 1:12,000. LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 325 "Topography engraved by Julia Bien . . . N.Y. Positions & lettering by Louis E. Neuman . . . N.Y." "Printed by Endicott & Co. . . . N.Y." The maps are entitled: First day's battle. Second day's battle. Third day's battle. "The map is reduced from one on a scale of 200 feet to the inch, deposited in the Archives of the office of the Chief of ... Explore the Gettysburg Battlefield. 50+ maps link to hundreds of pages of monuments, markers, battlefield farms and terrain features. View a historical map of the Gettysburg battlefield from 1916, drawn by the Gettysburg National Park Commission. Learn more about the battle, the park, and the preservation …Major General George Gordon Meade's Army of the Potomac and General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia met at the Pennsylvania town of Gettysburg on J...The Maps of Gettysburg : an Atlas of the Gettysburg Campaign, June 3-July 13, 1863 by Bradley M. Gottfried. Call Number: REF G1264.G3S5 G6 2010 2013. ISBN: 9781611210255. Also available online via eBrary. Gettysburg: A Battlefield Guide by Mark Grimsley and Brooks D. Simpson. Call Number: E475.56 .G75 1999.
Gettysburg battle maps. This is the July 1 battle map, focusing on the Confederate attack and the Union’s defense north of the town of Gettysburg. Click the image to view a full size GIF (50 kb) or download the PDF (200 kb). The July 2 battle map shows the Union’s new defensive line south of town, after Day 1’s Confederate successes. . Triple aaa en espanol
Second day's battle. Third day's battle. This item is in the Map Collection of the Library of Virginia; please contact the Library's Archives Research Services department for more information. Scale 1:12,000. LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 325 Available also through the Library of Congress web site as raster image. Tour the Gettysburg battlefield. Over 50 tour maps let you see where the monuments are in relation to each other and the main roads. They also show some important terrain features of the park. Battlefield farms. The farms and other buildings around Gettysburg were not just background scenery to the battle. Touring the Battlefield The complete 24-mile auto tour starts at the visitor center and includes the following 16 tour stops, the Barlow Knoll Loop, and the Historic Down-town …LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 338.2 "Library of Congress, Maps & Charts, no. 2502" is stamped in the lower right corner. Description derived from published bibliography. ... Map Monumental guide to the Gettysburg battlefield. A map showing the location of every monument, marker and tablet with approaching roads and avenues Gettysburg Battlefield lithograph map showing Union and Confederate positions. ( John B. Bachelder) Southwest view of the Sherfy farm (right background) from the Pennsylvania Monument observation deck, 1 of 6 on the battlefield: 3 on towers (Warfield Ridge), Oak Ridge, Culp's Hill), 1 on Little Round Top, & 1 on the closed Cyclorama Building. Sep 18, 2019 · S.G. Elliott’s 1864 Map of the Battlefield of Gettysburg is one such map. While an 1858 map of Adams County, Pa., helped commanders march to Gettysburg, and numerous postwar maps aimed to place troop positions precisely onto battlefield terrain, Elliott’s map stands out as something different. There are few contour lines and no rectangular ... Take a battlefield hike on one of Gettysburg’s trails. See your NPS touring map for locations Hike the Fish Hook (the right flank defensive position of the Union army for a rigorous walk. Do what strikes your fancy. Gettysburg is a battlefield on which you could spend hundreds of hours and never do the same thing twice. Explore what interests ... Gettysburg Battlefield lithograph map showing Union and Confederate positions. ( John B. Bachelder) Southwest view of the Sherfy farm (right background) from the Pennsylvania Monument observation deck, 1 of 6 on the battlefield: 3 on towers (Warfield Ridge), Oak Ridge, Culp's Hill), 1 on Little Round Top, & 1 on the closed Cyclorama Building. Scale ca. 1:7000. LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), 351.7 "Number 436" is in the upper left corner. Note: "Property owners name 1863 small italics," and "property owners name 1900 large italics." Hand-colored photocopy showing four classes of roads, stone walls, Union and Confederate defenses, relief by coutour lines and shading. …The Gettysburg Address is one of the most iconic speeches in American history. Delivered on November 19, 1863, by President Abraham Lincoln, this address marked a turning point in ...Nov 16, 2022 · Before CGI, These Maps Made Gettysburg Come Alive. Two unique maps inspired generations of visitors to America’s most famous battlefield. by Leon Reed 11/16/2022. A brace of massive topographical maps of the Civil War’s pivotal July 1-3, 1863, Battle of Gettysburg —though one is over six times the size of the other—have entertained ... The Gettysburg Battle App ®: July 2 is the perfect tour partner for your visits to some of the Gettysburg battlefield’s most famous places: Devil's Den and Little Round Top. This GPS-enabled tour application focuses exclusively on the July 2, 1863 fighting... .